|
Intelligence is an umbrella term used to describe a property of the mind that encompasses many related abilities, such as the capacities to reason, to plan, to solve problems, to think abstractly, to comprehend ideas, to use language, and to learn. There are several ways to define intelligence. In some cases, intelligence may include traits such as creativity, personality, character, knowledge, or wisdom. However, some psychologists prefer not to include these traits in the definition of intelligence. [Site] United States Intelligence Community
... federation of U.S. executive branch agencies and organizations which conducts intelligence activities necessary for foreign relations and national security. This ...
www.intelligence.gov
Definitions
Intelligence comes from the Latin verb "intellegere", which means "to understand". By this rationale, intelligence (as understanding) is arguably different from being "smart" (able to adapt to one's environment), or being "clever" (able to creatively adapt).[News] Change Expands Eligibility for Intelligence Hires
Director of National Intelligence Mike McConnell has taken steps to make it easier for U.S. intelligence agencies to recruit first-generation Americans with foreign relatives.
At least two major "consensus" definitions of intelligence have been proposed. First, from Knowns and Unknowns, a report of a task force convened by the American Psychological Association in 1995: [Image] 
jpg intelligence.jpg the collective intelligence music | bands |
{{quote|Individuals differ from one another in their ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of reasoning, to overcome obstacles by taking thought. Although these individual differences can be substantial, they are never entirely consistent: a given person’s intellectual performance will vary on different occasions, in different domains, as judged by different criteria. Concepts of "intelligence" are attempts to clarify and organize this complex set of phenomena. Although considerable clarity has been achieved in some areas, no such conceptualization has yet answered all the important questions and none commands universal assent. Indeed, when two dozen prominent theorists were recently asked to define intelligence, they gave two dozen somewhat different definitions.[{{cite journal | author = Neisser, U.]| coauthors = Boodoo, G.; Bouchard Jr, T.J.; Boykin, A.W.; Brody, N.; Ceci, S.J.; Halpern, D.F.; Loehlin, J.C.; Perloff, R.; Sternberg, R.J.; Others, | year = 1998 | title = Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns | journal = Annual Progress in Child Psychiatry and Child Development 1997 | url = http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&id=gLWnmVbKdLwC&oi=fnd&pg=PA95&dq=Intelligence:+Knowns+and+unknowns&ots=0WN9Iwvu4Y&sig=mIsyLWklGV3U_Y2_RM6l7MgaPmo | accessdate = 2008-03-18}} [{{cite journal | author = Perloff, R. | coauthors = Sternberg, R.J.; Urbina, S. | year = 1996 | title = Intelligence: knowns and unknowns | journal = American Psychologist | volume = 51}}]}}
[Video] The Governments Secrecy on the UFO Phenomenom (Part 5)
A second definition of intelligence comes from "Mainstream Science on Intelligence", which was signed by 52 intelligence researchers in 1994: [Auction] A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2002, DVD) G3399
Only $6.5 }} [Post] What is Intelligence?
Intelligence has been discussed throughout much of human history. Socrates gave one definition of intelligence: “I know that I am intelligent, because I know that I know nothing.” Intelligence over the years has been defined as such ... Researchers in the fields of psychology and learning have also defined human intelligence:{| class="wikitable"|-! width="140"| Researcher! Quotation|-| Alfred Binet| [1]udgment, otherwise called good sense, practical sense, initiative, the faculty of adapting one's self to circumstances...auto-critique.[ ASIN = B000UG9J7E ]|-|Cyril Burt|[3]nnate general cognitive ability [Book] Social Intelligence: The New Science of Human Relationships Bantam
Theories of intelligence
The most widely accepted theory of intelligence is based on psychometrics testing or intelligence quotient (IQ) tests. However, dissatisfaction with traditional IQ tests has led to the development of a number of alternative theories, all of which suggest that intelligence is the result of a number of independent abilities that uniquely contribute to human performance.[Site] intelligence: Definition, Synonyms from Answers.com
intelligence n. The capacity to acquire and apply knowledge. The faculty of thought and reason. ... Sci-Tech Encyclopedia: Intelligence ...
www.answers.com/topic/intelligence
Psychometric approach
Despite the variety of concepts of intelligence, the approach to understanding intelligence with the most supporters and published research over the longest period of time is based on psychometrics testing. Such intelligence quotient (IQ) tests include the Stanford-Binet, Raven's Progressive Matrices, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children.[News] Intelligence Head Says Terrorism Still A Threat
National Intelligence Director Mike McConnell said terrorism remains a very real threat in the United States.
All forms of IQ tests correlate highly with one another. The traditional view is that these tests measure g or "general intelligence factor". However, this is by no means universally accepted. Charles Spearman (1924) is credited with having developed the concept of g. g can be derived as the principal factor using the mathematical method of factor analysis. One common view is that these abilities are hierarchically arranged with g at the vertex (or top, overlaying all other cognitive abilities). G itself is sometimes considered to be a two part construct, gF and gC, which stand for fluid and crystallized intelligence. [Image] 
US Intelligence Community
Intelligence, as measured by IQ and other aptitude tests, is widely used in educational, business, and military settings due to its efficacy in predicting behavior. G is highly correlated with many important social outcomes - individuals with low IQs are more likely to be divorced, have a child out of marriage, be incarcerated, and need long term welfare support, while individuals with high IQs are associated with more years of education, higher status jobs and higher income. [Video] NSCYBERSPACE #183 THE NATIONAL STRATEGY TO SECURE CYBERSPACE
Controversies
IQ tests were originally devised specifically to predict educational achievement. The inventors of the IQ did not believe they were measuring fixed intelligence. Despite this, critics argue that intelligence tests have been used to support nativistic theories in which intelligence is viewed as a qualitatively unique faculty with a relatively fixed quantity.[Auction] Arbonne Intelligence Daily Cleanser Step #1 ~~NIB~~
Only $16.5 Critics of the psychometric approach point out that people in the general population have a somewhat different and broader conception of intelligence than what is measured in IQ tests. In turn, they argue that the psychometric approach measures only a part of what is commonly understood as intelligence. Furthermore, skeptics argue that even though tests of mental abilities are correlated, people still have unique strengths and weaknesses in specific areas. Consequently they argue that psychometric theorists over-emphasize g. [Post] Economic Definition of Intelligence?
Shane Legg once produced a catalogue of 71 definitions of intelligence. Looking it over, you'll find that the 18 definitions in dictionaries and the 35 definitions of psychologists are mere black boxes containing human parts. ... Researchers in the field of human intelligence have encountered a considerable amount of public concern and criticism-- much more than scientists in other areas normally receive. A number of critics have challenged the relevance of psychometric intelligence in the context of everyday life. There have also been controversies over genetic factors in intelligence, particularly questions regarding the relationship between race and intelligence and sex and intelligence. Another controversy in the field is how to interpret the increases in test scores that have occurred over time, the so-called Flynn effect. [Book] The Emotional Intelligence Quick Book Fireside
Stephen Jay Gould was one of the most vocal critics of intelligence testing. In his book, The Mismeasure of Man, Gould argued that intelligence is not truly measurable, and also challenged the hereditarian viewpoint on intelligence. Many of Gould's criticisms were aimed at Arthur Jensen, who responded that his work had been misrepresented, [Site] Strategic Intelligence
Collection related to strategic intelligence and the intelligence community.
www.loyola.edu/dept/politics/intel.html
Multiple intelligences
Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is based on studies not only on normal children and adults but also by studies of gifted individuals (including so-called "savants"), of persons who have suffered brain damage, of experts and virtuosos, and of individuals from diverse cultures. This led Gardner to break intelligence down into at least eight different components: logical, linguistic, spatial, musical, kinesthetic, naturalist, intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligences. He argues that psychometric tests address only linguistic and logical plus some aspects of spatial intelligence; other forms have been entirely ignored. Moreover, the paper and-pencil format of most tests rules out many kinds of intelligent performance that matter in everyday life, as social intelligence.[News] Intelligence Head Says Terrorism Still A Threat
National Intelligence Director Mike McConnell said terrorism remains a very real threat in the United States. McConnell spoke Thursday in Nashville at a National Conference.
Most of theories of multiple intelligences are relatively recent in origin, though it should be noted that Louis Thurstone proposed a theory of multiple "primary abilities" in the early 20th Century. [Image] 
jpg 2004-02-04 WMD Howard no intelligence own 200226.JPG FRIDGE DOOR CARTOONS 2004 Australia Howard no intelligence Iraq
Triarchic theory of intelligence
Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence proposes three fundamental aspects of intelligence-analytic, creative, and practical--of which only the first is measured to any significant extent by mainstream tests. His investigations suggest the need for a balance between analytic intelligence, on the one hand, and creative and especially practical intelligence on the other.[Video] Greenspan didn't anticipate financial crisis
Emotional intelligence
Daniel Goleman and several other researchers have developed the concept of emotional intelligence and claim it is at least as important as more traditional sorts of intelligence. These theories grew from observations of human development and of brain injury victims who demonstrate an acute loss of a particular cognitive function -- e.g. the ability to think numerically, or the ability to understand written language -- without showing any loss in other cognitive areas.[Auction] Army Military Intelligence BEECH RC-12 King Air DI coin
Only $19.66
Empirical evidence
IQ proponents have pointed out that IQ's predictive validity has been repeatedly demonstrated, for example in predicting important non-academic outcomes such as job performance (see IQ), whereas the various multiple intelligence theories have little or no such support. Meanwhile, the relevance and even the existence of multiple intelligences have not been borne out when actually tested. A set of ability tests that do not correlate together would support the claim that multiple intelligences are independent of each other. However, thus far no one has developed such a set of tests.[Post] Making Intelligence Actionable: Part 2, (Thu, Oct 30th)
Normal 0 In addition to making malware and vulnerability intelli ...(more)...
Evolution of intelligence
Our hominid and human ancestors evolved large and complex brains exhibiting an ever-increasing intelligence through a long and mostly unknown evolutionary process. This process was either driven by the direct adaptive benefits of intelligence[Book] Working with Emotional Intelligence Bantam
Factors affecting intelligence
Intelligence is an ill-defined, difficult to quantify concept. Accordingly, the IQ tests used to measure intelligence provide only approximations of the posited 'real' intelligence. In addition, a number of theoretically unrelated properties are known to correlate with IQ such as race, gender and height but since correlation does not imply causation the true relationship between these factors is uncertain. Factors affecting IQ may be divided into biological and environmental.[Site] Intelligence Online: global strategic information
Every two weeks, the activities of the world's intelligence community. ... Few business intelligence companies have outposts in south-east Asian countries ...
www.intelligenceonline.com
Biological
Evidence suggests that genetic variation has a significant impact on IQ, accounting for three fourths in adults. Despite the high heritability of IQ, few genes have been found to have a substantial effect on IQ, suggesting that IQ is the product of interaction between multiple genes.[News] Examine the Enterprise Resource Management and Business Intelligence Market with Forecasts through 2007-2010
Research and Markets (http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/674dc0/enterprise_resourc) has announced the addition of the "Enterprise Resource Management & Business Intelligence Market 2007-2010 - Bundled Report" report to their offering.
Other biological factors correlating with IQ include ratio of brain weight to body weight and the volume and location of gray matter tissue in the brain. [Image] 
Your mental strength and abilities. The higher your Intelligence, the more skills you will excel in, and the more options you will have in dialogue. A high Intelligence is important to
Because intelligence appears to be at least partly dependent on brain structure and the genes shaping brain development, it has been proposed that genetic engineering could be used to enhance the intelligence of animals, a process sometimes called biological uplift in science fiction. Experiments on mice have demonstrated superior ability in learning and memory in various behavioural tasks. [Video] Fallout 3 All collectors Swag Bonus Goodies!!!!!!!!!!
Environmental
Evidence suggests that family environmental factors may have an effect upon childhood IQ, accounting for up to a quarter of the variance. On the other hand, by late adolescence this correlation disappears, such that adoptive siblings are no more similar in IQ than strangers.[Auction] Army Security Agency ASA Intelligence DLI SF SKULL coin
Only $16.66 Consequently, in the context of the nature versus nurture debate, the "nature" component appears to be much more important than the "nurture" component in explaining IQ variance in the general population. [Post] Program on Extra Terrestrial Intelligence
Program on Extra Terrestrial Intelligence. The Society of Physics Students from the Department of Physics, along with the Northern California Natural History Museum (NCNHM) at California State University, Chico, will offer a public ... Cultural factors also play a role in intelligence. For example, on a sorting task to measure intelligence, Westerners tend to take a taxonomic approach while the Kpelle people take a more functional approach. For example, instead of grouping food and tools into separate categories, a Kpelle participant stated "the knife goes with the orange because it cuts it"[Glick (1975) reported in Resnick, L. (1976). The Nature of Intelligence. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.] [Book] Programming Collective Intelligence: Building Smart Web 2.0 Applications O'Reilly Media, Inc.
Ethical issues
Since intelligence is susceptible to modification through the manipulation of environment, the ability to influence intelligence raises ethical issues. Transhumanist theorists study the possibilities and consequences of developing and using techniques to enhance human abilities and aptitudes, and ameliorate what it regards as undesirable and unnecessary aspects of the human condition; eugenics is a social philosophy which advocates the improvement of human hereditary traits through various forms of intervention.[Site] Great Ideas in Personality--Intelligence
This page deals with intelligence, which might be defined as facility at solving ... The heritability of intelligence has been shown by many studies in ...
www.personalityresearch.org/intelligence.html
Neuroethics considers the ethical, legal and social implications of neuroscience, and deals with issues such as difference between treating a human neurological disease and enhancing the human brain, and how wealth impacts access to neurotechnology. Neuroethical issues interact with the ethics of human genetic engineering. [News] No intelligence failure in Assam: minister
COMMENT ON THIS ! Your Views! Denying any intelligence failure behind a series of bomb blasts in Assam on Thursday, Minister of State for Home Shakeel Ahmed said the terror attack could be linked with the communal clashes in the northeastern state this month.
Other species
Although humans have been the primary focus of intelligence researchers, scientists have also attempted to investigate animal intelligence, or more broadly, animal cognition. These researchers are interested in studying both mental ability in a particular species, and comparing abilities between species. They study various measures of problem solving, as well as mathematical and language abilities. Some challenges in this area are defining intelligence so that it means the same thing across species (eg. comparing intelligence between literate humans and illiterate animals), and then operationalizing a measure that accurately compares mental ability across different species and contexts.[Image] 
( USA Today ) Artificial intelligence is a sexy field. Technologists crave to make a robot that out-thinks a man. We've progressed in fits-and-starts, but a few breakthroughs lately are
Wolfgang Köhler's pioneering research on the intelligence of apes is a classic example of research in this area. Stanley Coren's book, The Intelligence of Dogs is a notable popular book on the topic. [Video] Jets Pound LTTE Suicide Bombers Base
Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (or AI) is both the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science which aims to create it, through "the study and design of intelligent agents"[Auction] A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2002, DVD)
Only $2.01 Among the traits that researchers hope machines will exhibit are reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects.[Post] BASF Coatings uses artificial intelligence for color matching
BASF Automotive Refinish Solutions has developed a software program that applies artificial intelligence using neural networks to the process of color matching paint. Developed by BASF's Craig McClanahan, manager of color research for ... [Book] Building Emotional Intelligence: Techniques to Cultivate Inner Strength in Children Sounds True, Incorporated
[Site] Intelligence - MSN Encarta
Intelligence, term usually referring to a general mental capability to reason, solve problems, think abstractly, learn and understand new material,
encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570026/Intelligence.html
[News] Assam blasts expose failure of intelligence system: Left
The Left parties on Thursday condemned the serial blasts in Assam and attributed the tragic incidents to failure of intelligence agencies, the state government and the Centre.
[Image] 
jpg artificial_intelligence.jpg
[Video] The Governments Secrecy on the UFO Phenomenom (Part 4)
[Auction] NEW Us National Security, Intelligence and Democracy...
Only $140.0 [Post] Fujitsu, UC Berkeley author paper on search for extraterrestrial ...
... 10Gb Ethernet Switches Enable Researchers to Study the Universe for Signs of Life," which examines the university's robust information processing demands as part of the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) project. ... [Book] Financial Intelligence: A Manager's Guide to Knowing What the Numbers Really Mean Harvard Business School Press
[Site] Intelligence
Is Intelligence the Most Important Factor for Success? ... Researchers who study intelligence have come up with startling results. ...
www.ucgstp.org/lit/gn/gn004/gn004y1.htm
[News] HP and SAS open customer intelligence centre
Building on a 24-year relationship, HP (NYSE:HPQ) and SAS today announced the opening of the HP SAS Customer Intelligence Excellence Center in Cary, ...
[Image] 
intelligence concept
[Video] Assam serial blasts toll rises to 64
[Auction] NSA National Security Agency Military Intelligence Coin
Only $49.95 [Post] Zambians vote for president, opposition says rigged
A senior intelligence official said troops would be placed on high alert after the polls close to prevent unrest, although campaigning in the stable and increasingly prosperous southern African nation has been peaceful. (Full Story) [Book] On Intelligence Holt Paperbacks
[Site] Intelligence
The dictionary meaning defines intelligence as "the capacity to acquire and ... To have intelligence means having the ability to think. ...
www.nobeliefs.com/intelligence.htm
[News] Next Practices in Modern Project Management: Supporting Communication, Collaboration and Collective Intelligence
Research and Markets (http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/3e573f/next_practices_in) has announced the addition of the "Next Practices in Modern Project Management: Supporting Communication, Collaboration and Collective Intelligence" report to their offering.
[Image] 
nsa/ic2000/intelligence_cycle.jpg
[Video] The Governments Secrecy on the UFO Phenomenom (Part 3)
[Auction] Bracelet Wisdom Intelligence Key Knowledge Sea 18 Link
Only $3.95 [Post] Colombia fires 20 army officers over civilian deaths
Reporting from Bogota, Colombia -- The Colombian Defense Ministry fired 20 army officers Wednesday, including three generals, in connection with the deaths of a dozen youths who allegedly were killed and falsely identified as guerrillas ... [Book] Quick Emotional Intelligence Activities for Busy Managers: 50 Team Exercises That Get Results in Just 15 Minutes AMACOM
[News] Blasts expose failure of intelligence system: Left
The Left parties today condemned the serial blasts in Assam and attributed the tragic incidents to failure of intelligence agencies, the state government and the Centre.
[Image] 
Intelligence concept Mechanism concept - 3d render
[Video] Kai and the Blade Sharks - Be Prepared (Japanese)
[Auction] The Language of Emotional Intelligence by Dalessandr...![]()
Only $16.63 [Post] 41 people allegedly linked to Mexican drug cartels are indicted
Federal authorities in Atlanta announced grand jury indictments Wednesday against 41 people allegedly connected to violent Mexican drug cartels, including a former deputy sheriff from Texas stopped with nearly $1 million in cash hidden ... [Book] Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2nd Edition) (Prentice Hall Series in Artificial Intelligence) Prentice Hall
[News] North Korean leader suffers stroke, intelligence says
SEOUL, South Korea - New South Korean intelligence indicates that ailing North Korean leader Kim Jong Il suffered a serious setback in his recovery from a stroke and has been hospitalized, a newspaper reported yesterday. The report in the Dong-a Ilbo newspaper cited an unnamed government official in saying intelligence obtained Sunday suggested "a serious problem" with Kim's health.
[Image] 
[Video] Serial Blasts rock Assam: 61 dead more than 300 injured
[Auction] Moral Intelligence by Fred Kiel Ph.D. (2005)
Only $25.02 [Post] Turkish ship hijacked off Somalia
Pirates have hijacked a Turkish freighter carrying 20 crew members and a load of iron ore in the waters off Somalia, Turkey's maritime authorities said Thursday. The vessel, named the Yasa Neslihan, was hijacked in the Gulf of Aden on ... |
